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ANNUAL REPORTS

THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2023

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  1. Started three Higher National Diploma (HND) programs at Kenya Medical Training College, (KMTC) in Nairobi

    1. Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy: recruited, trained, oriented teachers to travel to Nairobi for practical lab sessions and mentoring over patients in May and September (foot/ankle, knee, hip, lumbar, pelvis)

    2. Neurological Physical Therapy: recruited, trained, oriented teachers to travel to Nairobi for practical lab sessions and mentoring over patients in April, July, and October, (Neuro 1 and 2, Geriatrics, Pediatrics)

    3. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy: recruited, trained, oriented teachers to travel to Nairobi for practical lab sessions and mentoring over patients in May, August and November, (cardio 1 and 2, development and hemodynamics, exercise testing and prescription)

    4. Traveled to Nairobi twice to meet with the head of the department and the CEO of KMTC to discuss the program's needs and planning.

    5. Travelled to Uganda and Tanzania to meet with heads of physiotherapy associations to visit hospitals and discuss enrolling students in our programs.

  2. AMREF International University (AMIU)

    1. Attended and was invited to speak at the graduation ceremony in July.

    2. Graduated 42 students with a BSc in physiotherapy.

    3. Transferred 18 three-credit courses from Jackson Clinics Foundation Learning Management System, (LMS) to AMIU LMS.

    4. Negotiated MOU to bring FIVE Advanced Diploma< (AD), courses to AMIU. Courses to begin in 2024.

    5. Met with administrators to discuss TJCF involvement in developing of five Master's Degree programs at AMIU.

  3. Financial Summary

    1. Public Donations $14,349.00

    2. Jackson Donations $106,000.00

    3. Total Income $120,349.009

    4. Total Expenses $133,585

    5. Deficit ($13,236)



THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2022

 

This was a very big year for our Foundation. With the help of our faculty, we produced the following  3-credit courses for AMIU:

  • Wellness and Health Promotion

  • Physiotherapy in Women’s Health

  • Clinical Reasoning

  • Diagnostic Procedures and Imaging

  • Musculoskeletal one and two.

  • Sports Two

  • Integumentary System

  • Neurological Rehabilitation Two

  • Research

  • Pharmacology

  • Cardiopulmonary

  • Prosthetics/Orthotics

 

In production for 2023 is Evidence Based Practice and a re-production of Pharmacology. This represents a massive amount of work for one year. All courses were housed on the Jackson Clinics Learning Management System, (LMS). Our goal for 2023 is to transfer these courses to the AMIU LMS.

 

We sent USA based physiotherapists to Kenya throughout the year to teach the skills labs for these and other courses. Huge thank you to all our volunteers. Without them there is no program. They are in the process of teaching Kenyan physiotherapists to take over the teaching of the labs for the purpose of making the program sustainable in Kenya.

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In July AMIU and TJCF graduated the first 17 students who went through our Bachelor of Science upgrade program, the culmination of 10 years of persistence. In October the Vice Chancellor of AMIU, Dr. Joachim Osur, visited us in Middleburg and held talks with the department heads of Shenandoah University, Marymount University, and Radford University. AMIU intends to begin teaching Masters Degree programs in Physiotherapy in 2023 and each University graciously offered assistance in course production.

In September and November, Richard and Anna Jackson travelled to Kenya for meetings with AMIU and KMTC. We signed an MOU with KMTC to produce the content for FOUR higher National Diplomas (HNDs). These are specializations in Orthopedic Physiotherapy, Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy, Neurological Physiotherapy, and Pelvic Health. This requires another round of course production since this is specialized education that will turn out physiotherapists who can specialize in these areas of practice. Our plan is to offer these courses throughout east and central Africa since the majority of the content is consumed digitally and the student’s pace. Students will travel to Nairobi every three to four months for practical labs and mentoring.

 

Contributions for 2022 consisted of $600 from donors and $110,000 from Richard and Anna Jackson for a total income of $110,600. Expenses totaled $131,834.77 for an annual deficit of $21,244.77. Over $70,000 of these expenses were for course production.

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THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2021

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COVID continued to keep Kenya shut down to travel for the early part of the year. Two courses were produced for AMIU, (cardiopulmonary and integumentary), by Dr. James Laskin and Dr. Jennifer Bell. Dr. Laskin travelled to Kenya to do labs for both courses in October of 2021. 

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Anna and Richard Jackson travelled to Nairobi in October to meet with KMTC and AMIU administrators. It was agreed with AMIU that The Jackson Clinics Foundation, (TJCF), would manage eighteen, 2 credit University courses and host them on the Jackson Clinics Learning Management System, (LMS). We proceeded to produce the first five of these courses: Neuro 1 by Dr. Thomas Longbottom, Musculosketel 1 by Dr. Courtney Mitchell, Therapeutic Exercise by Richard Jackson, Pediatrics by Dr. Krista Eskay, and Sports 1 by Dr. James Laskin. These courses were posted on the LMS by the end of 2021. 

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We decided to pay teachers to produce these courses rather than ask them to volunteer their time. This gives course ownership to TJCF, which allows TJCF to donate the courses at no cost to any underserved country. TJCF is also peripherally involved in the Re-Lab project which has a goal to offer full curriculums in Rehabilitation Medicine, (PT, OT, Speech, and Prosthetics/Orthotics) to colleges and universities in underserved countries. The cost to TJCF to produce a course averages $5,000-$7,000 per course. This decision increases our cost dramatically, but the end result will be worthwhile. 

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Richard and Anna met with the CEO of KMTC and presented a plan to upgrade the Orthopedic Manual Therapy, (OMT), Higher National Diploma, (HND), program. The plan is to duplicate the Jackson Clinics Residency program in Kenya with all didactic information recorded and teachers sent to Kenya for lab and mentoring only. This will allow more Kenya physiotherapists to participate in the program with less time spent away from work and will also allow KMTC to advertise this program to all countries in East and Central Africa. 

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Financial Summary: Donation total for the year was $67,550 with $7,550 coming from outside donations. 

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THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2020

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2020 was the year of COVID and despite that we had tremendous success with our Kenya educational programs. Although we were not able to send educators or travel to Kenya ourselves, we were able to launch our Bachelor of Science upgrade program in partnership with AMIU. We did this by using educational modules from Rehab Essentials and doing distance education via Zoom for the balance of the courses. Many thanks to Dr. Steve Tepper, founder of Rehab Essentials, and the faculty, for discounting the cost of the modules to make them affordable for AMIU.

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COVID caused severe financial hardships on our Kenyan students and their families. It soon became apparent that students would not be able to continue their education without some financial relief. We reached out to previous educators, our stuff, and many friends of The Jackson Clinics Foundation to ask if they could contribute financially to offset tuition for our students. The response was overwhelming. We raised over $13,000 for tuition assistance. Anna and Richard Jackson added $20,000 to that to bring the total to $33,205. This allowed most of our students to stay in school. Words cannot express our heartfelt thanks for the many donations that came in. 

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The Orthopedic Program and the Neuro-rehab program at KMTC continued with Kenyan faculty teaching via zoom. 

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Financial Summary: A total of $38,515.63 donations were received during the year, and as stated above, $33,000 of this went to pay student tuition in the AMIU BSc upgrade program. 

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THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2019
 

This was a very busy and very exciting year for TJC Foundation. First of all, we turned over our Manual Therapy Residency program to our Kenyan counterparts. Our goal of program sustainability was achieved. A HUGE milestone for us. Another milestone was the formal partnership with AMIU to launch the BSc upgrade program in 2020. Our original intent when we started teaching in Kenya in 2012 was to establish such a program.

The Foundation sent a number of teachers to continue with the second cohort of the Neuro Rehab Higher Diploma program. Dr. Gravano taught Geriatrics in February, Dr. Laskin taught Cardiopulmonary in July and he returned with Jennifer Bell in November to teach Integumentary. The second cohort graduated with their Higher Diploma in December. Congratulations to them. The third cohort of Neuro Rehab started in June with Dr. James Klima leading off the first module. That was followed by Dr. Tom Longbottom teaching the second module of neuro-rehab in August.

We are most pleased to announce that our Foundation brought the field of Pelvic Floor/Women’s Health to Kenya in March of this year. With over 30 women in the class and multiple instructors, this desperately needed body of knowledge was presented in lecture and lab form. The second of three modules were presented in September. A huge thank you to Dr. Nancy Cullinane and Dr. Kathy Golic for the enormous efforts they put into arranging the curriculum for these courses. Also, Hermann-Wallace, Inc. donated the didactic materials to make this course a success.

In addition, we sent a total of eight clinical mentors during the year to work alongside our Kenyan counterparts to make classroom work come alive over patients.

Finally, the TJC Foundation helped facilitate the teaching of three Shenandoah University students by our Kenyan graduates.
 

In July Richard and Anna Jackson traveled to Mozambique to meet with Al-Noor Rawjee and Dr. Jose Mondlane at ISCTEM University in Maputo. There is presently NO physiotherapy education in Mozambique. They wanted our help in exploring options to begin a program at their University. After meeting to assess their needs, tour their facility and assess their resources we reached out to Dr. Cheryl Footer for ideas regarding Universities in the USA who may want to partner with ISCTEM to launch a physiotherapy program in Mozambique. Dr. Footer reached out to Dr. Michael Walker at Baylor University and Dr. John Childs of EIM and a Memorandum of Understanding was drafted by Dr. Footer. Of course, Covid-19 has interrupted the process but this program really has no barriers to going forward. We at the Jackson Clinics Foundation are very pleased to have been able to facilitate putting the right people together to make this project become a reality. We thank Dr. Childs of EIM for his company’s interest and support of this project. A very special thanks to Dr. Cheryl Footer for the enormous amount of work she put in while drafting the MOU and the final proposals for a BSc and MSc in Physiotherapy. Dr. Footer has helped TJC Foundation over the years in Ethiopia, Kenya, and now Mozambique. There is really no way for us to properly thank her for her tireless efforts.
 

Financial Summary: The Foundation received $77,000 from Richard and Anna Jackson and $2,018.00 from outside donors for a total income of $79,018.84. Expenses totaled $84,844.00 for a deficit of $5,825.00.

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THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2018


In 2018 we concentrated our efforts in Kenya and concentrated on the sustainability of our OMT program and establishing our NRT program. We sent 26 teachers to Kenya and had 8 rising third-year students from Shenandoah in the country as well. Our Kenyan mentor was very busy in Nairobi and upcountry educating students and graduates. Many of our teachers were there for the student and graduate mentoring.


For the first time, all courses were taught by our Kenyan graduates and were monitored by American educators. The Kenyans were mentored by the Americans in teaching style and methodology.


Also for the first time, we sent our Jackson Clinics Athletic Trainers to teach Therapeutic Exercise. This course is now required for graduation from the OMT program. In December cohort 6 graduated.


Jackson Clinics Foundation hosted in May the first annual OMT Symposium. We had 60 of our graduates in attendance to explore the future of OMT. This is a huge step towards sustainability and recognition of the OMT program.


In 2018 there were two poster presentations at conferences regarding our program, four articles and two book chapters published. Again, thank you to Shala Cunningham.


The total expenses during 2018 were $90,610.00 with individual contributions of $363.00. Richard and Anna Jackson contributed 86,000.00. The primary expenses were airfare and the cost of our Kenyan mentor.
 

THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2017


Overview: The Jackson Clinics Foundation, Inc. runs and funds educational projects for physiotherapists, (physical therapists), in Ethiopia and Kenya. The goal is to provide access to advanced physical therapy practice and to create long term, sustainable educational programs. The President of the foundation is Richard Jackson and the Vice President is Anna Jackson. There is one paid employee in Kenya. He is a graduate of our program and spends his time mentoring therapists outside of Nairobi and helps to make life smooth for the volunteers whom we send.


In 2017 we sent 22 teachers to Kenya and eight to Ethiopia. Our fifth cohort of Orthopedic Manual Therapists graduated in December in Kenya and our first 17 Doctors of Physiotherapy graduated from Ethiopia. Now it is theirs to carry on. We have given them the education and the curriculum to enable sustainability. Congratulations to the first DPT’s in Africa!!


Our teachers supply classroom instruction and mentoring over patients. Our one Kenyan mentor worked in Nairobi and in many locations outside of Nairobi to supply valuable mentoring.


We also had a first in partnering with Shenandoah University to send two students to Kenya to be mentored by our graduates. This was very successful and 4 students are planned for 2018.


Serious talks have begun with AMREF International University, (AMIU), to begin a Bachelor of Science degree program at AMIU and a BSc Upgrade degree for our graduates of OMT and NRT. This has been a dream of ours for six years and it is finally coming to fruition. 


In 2017 there were 5 peer-reviewed publications on our program and five poster presentations at International conferences. Thank you, Shala Cunningham, for your ongoing interest in our program outcomes.


The total expenses in 2017 amounted to $87,000. Direct public support totaled $1,328.00 with the $90,905.00 being donated by Richard and Anna Jackson. The primary expenses were airfare and Kenya teaching assistants. We feel that we accomplish a tremendous amount of good for the dollars spent.

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THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2016


Overview: The Jackson Clinics Foundation, Inc. runs and funds educational projects for physiotherapists, (physical therapists), in Ethiopia and Kenya. The goal is to provide access to advanced physical therapy practice and to create long term, sustainable educational programs. The President of the foundation is Richard Jackson and the Vice President is Anna Jackson. There are no paid employees. Ben Keeton, DPT, and Brett Windsor, PT, DPT donate their time to structure the educational offerings to our students. Airfare for instructors, some housing, and supplies for teaching are paid from the Foundation account, all other expenses are paid by Richard and Anna Jackson personally.


Kenya: The program in Kenya is an 18-month postgraduate program consisting of 6 two week modules taught every three months. The Kenya Medical Training College has agreed to grant a Higher Diploma for graduates of this program.


Beginning in 2016 the Foundation began paying our teaching assistants in Kenya. Further, our Kenyan assistants began teaching at least 30% of the content of the educational modules. Our goal is full sustainability by 2018 of this program.


In 2016 the Foundation sent 22 instructors to Nairobi, (two weeks each), for clinical mentoring of graduates and cohorts 3, 4, and 5, the continuation of education for cohorts 3, 4, and 5, and for the launching of an educational series for cohort 6. Our teams generally pair a University professor as the lead teacher with a member of the Jackson Clinics staff, all with doctoral degrees. Cohorts 3 and 4 graduated with a Higher Diploma in Orthopedic Manual Therapy, (OMT) in December of 2016. Richard and Anna Jackson attended the graduation. Cohort 3 finished their training in February with a two-week module on the shoulder and arm, while cohort 4 finished their training in July with the same module. Cohort 5 began their training in March with Clinical Reasoning and continued throughout the year with modules on the foot/ankle, knee/hip, and lumbar/pelvis. Cohort 6 began their training in October with a Clinical Reasoning module.


Richard and Anna Jackson traveled to Nairobi in January, March, October, and December to further the efforts of the program. Through meetings with KMTC administration, it was agreed that two new faculty positions would be created by KMTC for the furtherance of the Foundation’s OMT program. These new faculty members will be responsible for taking over administration and teaching duties with the goal that the program will be self-sustaining and our Foundation will not be needed past 2018.


Ethiopia: In August 2016 Richard and Anna Jackson traveled to Ethiopia to negotiate a new Memorandum of Understanding, (MOU), with Addis Ababa University, (AAU), and Regis University for the purpose of continuing the DPT program. Our present 17 DPT candidates will graduate in November or December 2017. At that point, the DPT program will be sustainable by AAU with our DPT graduates serving as academic and clinical faculty.


In 2016 our Foundation sent 6 teachers and mentors to support the DPT program.


Funding: In 2016 funding totaled $7,106 from outside sources. Richard and Anna Jackson donated an additional $57,000 to the program and provided $11,125.00 cash in support of the program, (teaching assistant pay, hotel and travel expense not charged to the Foundation.


Expenses: Expenses paid by the Foundation totaled $76,863.00.
 

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THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2015


Overview: The Jackson Clinics Foundation, Inc. runs and funds educational projects for physiotherapists, (physical therapists), in Ethiopia and Kenya. The goal is to provide access to advanced physical therapy practice and to create long term, sustainable educational programs. The President of the foundation is Richard Jackson and the Vice President is Anna Jackson. There are no paid employees. Ben Keeton, DPT, donates his time to structure the educational offerings to our students. Airfare for instructors, some housing, and supplies for teaching are paid from the Foundation account, all other expenses are paid by Richard and Anna Jackson personally.


Kenya: The program in Kenya is an 18-month postgraduate program consisting of 6 two week modules taught every three months. The Kenya Medical Training College has agreed to grant a Higher Diploma for graduates of this program. In 2015 the Foundation sent 10 pairs of instructors to Nairobi, (two weeks each), for clinical mentoring of cohorts 2, 3, 4, the continuation of education for cohorts 2, 3, 4, and for the launching of an educational series for cohort #4. Our teams pair a University professor as the lead teacher with a member of the Jackson Clinics staff, all with doctoral degrees. Cohort #2 graduated with a Higher Diploma in December of 2015. Richard and Anna Jackson attended the graduation. Cohort #2 with 17 students finished their training with a two-week module on the shoulder and arm, cohort #3 received instruction on four modules, (foot/ankle, knee and hip, lumbar spine and pelvis, and cervical/thoracic). Cohort #4 received training in three modules, (Clinical Reasoning, foot, and ankle, knee, and hip).


Richard and Anna Jackson traveled to Nairobi in March to greet our newest cohort #4. Meetings were also held with Dr. Vincent Mutiso, orthopedic surgeon and lecturer for Nairobi University medical school. Dr. Mutiso arranged a meeting with the Dean of the Medical School to discuss the establishment of an upgrade Bachelor of Science degree at the University for the 2000+ diploma physiotherapists in Kenya.  This was a very positive meeting. Our foundation agreed to teach all core classes in physiotherapy to achieve this end.


Richard and Anna again traveled to Nairobi in July to continue testing for the second cohort and for Richard to teach the pelvic girdle portion of the lumbopelvic course being taught to cohort #3. Meetings were held with the Director of KMTC to discuss him and Daniel Kanguru coming to the USA to study our Residency program.

Richard Jackson traveled to Nairobi in October to teach the second week of the cervical/thoracic module. Then in December Richard and Anna attended the graduation ceremonies for the second cohort to receive their Higher Diploma. Also during this week they met with the new Director of KMTC and learned that KMTC is seeking, as is Nairobi University, to establish a bachelor degree upgrade. We have agreed to teach all core courses.
Ethiopia: In November 2015 Richard and Anna Jackson traveled to Ethiopia to launch the first of a series of orthopedic mentoring sessions for the DPT students. Two teachers traveled with them. They also met and hosted a luncheon for the 17 DPT students.


Funding: In 2015 funding totaled $12,650, from outside sources.
Expenses: $57,265.30 of Foundation expenses were paid directly by Richard and Anna Jackson. Expenses paid from the Foundation account totaled $43,429.84, the majority of this spent on airfare for teachers, ($30,460.74). Contract labor for the person who orients our instructors was $4,700. The total cost of running the Foundation for 2015 was $100,695.14.


 

THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2014

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Overview: The Jackson Clinics Foundation, Inc. runs and funds educational projects for physiotherapists, (physical therapists), in Ethiopia and Kenya. The goal is to provide access to advanced physical therapy practice and to create long term, sustainable educational programs. The President of the foundation is Richard Jackson and the Vice President is Anna Jackson. There are no paid employees. Ben Keeton, DPT, donates his time to structure the educational offerings to our students. Airfare for instructors are paid from the Foundation account, all other expenses are paid by The Jackson Clinics. LLC or by Richard and Anna Jackson personally.

 

Kenya: The program in Kenya is an 18-month postgraduate program consisting of 6 two week modules taught every three months. The Kenya Medical Training College has agreed to grant a Higher Diploma for graduates of this program. In 2014 the Foundation sent 8 pairs of instructors to Nairobi, (two weeks each), for the clinical mentoring of cohort #1, the continuation of education for cohort #2 and for the launching of an educational series for cohort #3. Our teams pair a University professor as the lead teacher with a member of the Jackson Clinics staff, all with doctoral degrees. Cohort #1 graduated with a Higher Diploma in December of 2014. Cohort #2 with 17 students continued their training with two-week modules on the knee and hip, lumbar spine and pelvis, and cervical/thoracic. Cohort #3 received training in Clinical Reasoning and the foot and ankle.

 

Richard and Anna Jackson traveled to Nairobi in January to help launch the foot/ankle module for cohort #2 and to set up the clinical mentoring for cohort #1. They traveled to Mombasa to meet with Daniel Kanguru Muli at the KMTC-Mombasa at Port Reise to discuss launching our program there. In Nairobi meetings with Dickson Ogutu, the head of physiotherapy at Kenyatta Hospital was arranged in order to get all of the students who are working at KNH posted to outpatient orthopedics. This was well received and by mid-year, all students were posted appropriately. Meetings were also held with Dr. Vincent Mutiso, orthopedic surgeon and lecturer for Nairobi University medical school. Dr. Mutiso wished to discuss the establishment of an upgrade Bachelor of Science degree at the University for the 2000+ diploma physiotherapists in Kenya. 

 

Richard and Anna again traveled to Nairobi in March to launch Clinical Mentoring at KNH. They also launched the final class for cohort #1, shoulder and arm module. Then again in September, they returned to Nairobi to do final exams of cohort #1, launch clinical reasoning module for cohort #3, and to assist Dr. Shala Cunningham in doing an outcomes study on our program.

 

Ethiopia: In March of 2014 The Jackson Clinics Foundation in association with Regis University Addis Ababa University launched a transitional Doctor of Physical therapy program at the Addis Ababa University with 15 students. Classes were taught by AAU faculty and Regis University faculty throughout 2014.

Funding: In 2014 funding totaled $59,363, the majority of this, ($50,000), came from Richard and Anna Jackson. Expenses from the foundation account totaled $26,600.00, the majority of this spent on airfare for teachers, (22,521.58). Contract labor for the person who orients our instructors was $3,150.00.

 

 

THE JACKSON CLINICS FOUNDATION ANNUAL REPORT 2013

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Overview: The Jackson Clinics Foundation, Inc. runs and funds educational projects for physiotherapists, (physical therapists), in Ethiopia and Kenya. The goal is to provide access to advanced physical therapy practice and to create long term, sustainable educational programs. The President of the foundation is Richard Jackson and the Vice President is Anna Jackson. There are no paid employees. Ben Keeton, DPT, donates his time to structure the educational offerings to our students. Airfare for instructors are paid from the Foundation account, all other expenses are paid by The Jackson Clinics. LLC or by Richard and Anna Jackson personally.

 

Kenya: The program in Kenya is an 18-month postgraduate program consisting of 6 two week modules taught every three months. The Kenya Medical Training College has agreed to grant a Higher Diploma for graduates of this program. In 2013 the Foundation sent 8 pairs of instructors to Nairobi, (two weeks each), for the continuation of education for cohort #1 and for the launching of an educational series for cohort #2. Our teams pair a University professor as the lead teacher with a member of the Jackson Clinics staff, all with doctoral degrees. Cohort #1 consists of 21 Kenyan physiotherapists who received two-week training modules in foot ankle, the knee hip and finally lumbar pelvis. Cohort #2 with 17 students launched their training with a two-week module on Clinical Reasoning.

 

On October 1, 2013, a letter of invitation was sent to the administration of the Kenya Medical Training College to come to Virginia to view the Jackson Clinics Residency program to further develop a similar program in Kenya. The invitation was accepted but due to the personal tragedy of one of the invitees the trip was postponed to 2014.

Ethiopia: In April of 2013 Richard and Anna Jackson met with representatives of Regis University and the Director of the College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University and the Dean of the Medical School, Addis Ababa University, to negotiate and sign a memorandum of Understanding between all parties that outlines the steps each party must take and a timeline for these steps to launch a transitional Doctor of Physical therapy program at the Addis Ababa University. The program was supposed to launch in 2013 but due to administrative difficulties, the launch is expected in February of 2014.

 

Funding: In 2013 funding from friends and family totaled $27,780. Expenses from the foundation account totaled $5055.00. All additional expenses were incurred through the Jackson Clinics, LLC, which primarily consisted of airfare, meals, and lodging for Richard and Anna Jackson.

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